The Lying Paraphrased Bibles

The Prophetic Truths of The Rapture, The Seven Years of the Great Tribulation and The One Thousand Year Reign of Jesus Christ on Earth has been butchered by the Paraphrased Translators. You cannot read these strange translations without seeing the lost of those great BEDROCK doctrines of the end times. Try reading I Thessalonians Chapter four in “The Message” paraphrase. You will see that “The Shout of the Lord, the Voice of the Archangel and The Trump of God” are all missing in their original strong wording. It all sounds empty. This is the main reason the great Hope of Christ’s Triumphant Coming to Rapture the Bride is woefully missing in the Pulpits of our churches.

I cannot imagine a greater offense against man or God than the offense committed by the creators of the paraphrased Bibles. These books that are called Bibles are filled with lies. Even worse, you cannot always identify which Bibles are paraphrased because the new approach is “dynamic equivalent translations.” That’s just a deceiving term to cover up the fact that you are reading a lying paraphrase. The New International Version (NIV) is a “dynamic equivalent translation” and is clearly a lying paraphrase in many instances of its text. These are tough words, and I certainly do not desire to offend anyone. I have friends who use these Bibles, and I hurt to write in such a manner as will anger them. The church must have the undiluted truth.

As we progress in this article, I am going to prove to you that these books called Bibles are lies. What is a lie? The Old English dictionary that I use says the following, “lie – a false statement made with the intention of deceiving; anything misleading or of the nature of imposture: (with the) accusation of lying.” (Chambers English Dictionary, W & R Chambers Ltd, Edinburgh, p. 824.) Notice the part of that meaning that says “anything misleading or of the nature of imposture.” What if I should take quotes from anyone of the successful authors of our day and constantly change those quotes but never tell my readers what I had done. As those quotes were read that convey misinformation assigned to the original author, I would be in trouble. I could not imagine doing that to my worst possible enemy.

Let’s say that I did that, and they sued me in court. Imagine that we are standing before the judge and my defense is being presented. I could say something like this, “All I did was put your words in a different arrangement so I could convey what I thought you intended to say. Yes, I lifted out some things that seemed unimportant to me and I added some other things that help convey what I thought you intended.” The court would treat me like a crazy man, and I would be found guilty. Yet, that’s exactly what the paraphrased Bibles have done.

The Spirit of God warned us about this matter with a stark warning. “For I testify unto every man that heareth the words of the prophecy of this book, If any man shall add unto these things, God shall add unto him the plagues that are written in this book: And if any man shall take away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God shall take away his part out of the book of life, and out of the holy city, and from the things which are written in this book.” (Revelation 22:18-19). After serving my Lord for fifty-nine wonderful years, I cannot grasp why anyone would want to modernize or change truth. I do not write about these issues out of anger but with a hurting heart. These are God’s eternal words. They have life and death in each of them. They are eternal truth not just a few stories.

The present best seller by Rick Warren, The Purpose Driven Life, would have been condemned to the ash heap twenty to thirty years ago. Southern Baptist leaders and ministers of the past, the denomination in which I was raised, would have conducted a book burning in the church parking lots. But, because of the gradual effect of the lying paraphrases, it has become acceptable to use New Age ideas that saturate these corrupt Bibles. The Scriptures that I am going to show you prove beyond a doubt that they are lies and not God’s infallible words.

Rick Warren’s book is filled with these paraphrases. He proves one foolish idea after another with a quote from a corrupt Bible. He interweaves these corrupt quotes so skillfully that you have to be a master in discernment to detect his design. I have never read another book that gives so much credence to these questionable Bibles. Let’s review a number of Scriptures and see the difference between truth and error. In most cases there is very little in the paraphrase to remotely suggest a connection. The Word of God is a living book that literally transforms the believing person that accepts and internalizes the truth. We dare not rob the Word of God of the power to redeem and work miracles. It was the miracle of the Word that transformed me, and I have never desired one thing from which the Word cleansed me.

First Scriptures! Rick Warren used several paraphrased verses from the New Living Translation in his chapter on “Becoming Best Friends with God.” He quotes Apostle Paul, who states as translated in the King James Version, And not only so, but we also joy in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, by whom we have now received the atonement.” (Romans 5:11,). But, Rick Warren chose a paraphrased version because it fits his seeker-friendly theology. Now, look at the paraphrase. “Now, we can rejoice in our wonderful new relationship with God – all because of what our Lord Jesus Christ has done for us in making us friends of God.” (Romans 5:11, New Living Translation).

After one sentence, he quotes another paraphrase. The verse he now quotes says in the word-for-word King James Bible, “And all things are of God, who hath reconciled us to himself by Jesus Christ.” (II Corinthians 5:18a,). Mr. Warren quotes Jesus Christ as saying, “All this is done by God, who through Jesus Christ changed us from enemies into his friends.” (II Corinthians 5:18a,) Today’s English Version). In both of these quotes the strong theological words of “atonement” and “reconciled” are passed over for the empty theology of “friends.” No person that believes in the infallible Scripture can take this carelessly.

On that same page and in the same context, he gives another quote that shows no kin to truth in Holy Scripture. The King James Bible says, “For thou shalt worship no other god: for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God.” (Exodus 34:14,). The author reaches again for his New Living Translation, “He is a God who is passionate about his relationship with you.” (Exodus 34:14, New Living Translation). There is a lot of difference between a “passionate” God and a God that is “jealous” about His truths. Please note that the paraphrased lie called him “a God.” This one page in Rick Warren’s book labels it as a New Age book. All three of these quotes from the paraphrased lies were from one page of Rick Warren’s book.

If you have this book, The Purpose Driven Life, stop your reading for a little research. Go through a few pages and look up each Scripture in a word-for-word translation and make a list of the changes. You owe it to yourself and to anyone to whom you might suggest reading this book. This concern is far bigger than the book by Rick Warren. Let’s take a look at some of the varying problems in the lying paraphrases. I will start back in at two very important Scriptures. This will show that the translators, or should we say paraphrasers, are very careless with truth.

The Rock is Gone! The New International Version is filled with paraphrased lies. Remember, the meaning of a lie is to tell a partial truth or to leave out a part of the whole. The only way to keep a paraphrased story from being a lie is to warn the reader that the whole story has been changed. Of course, that would make a very cumbersome Bible. Look at this great text from the words of Jesus Christ Himself. “He is like a man which built an house, and digged deep, and laid the foundation on a rock: and when the flood arose, the stream beat vehemently upon that house, and could not shake it: for it was founded upon a rock.” (Luke 6:48,). Jesus Christ Himself is unquestionably the Rock” to which the Son of God refers.

Now, let’s look at the NIV. “He is like a man building a house, who dug down deep and laid the foundation on rock. When a flood came, the torrent struck that house but could not shake it, because it was well built.” (Luke 6:48, NIV). The paraphraser say “rock” instead of “a rock” in the beginning of the text and then leave out the main use of the word, “rock,” where the emphasis was established. There is a great difference in a “well built house” in the NIV and “house founded upon a rock.” Here is the original Textus Receptus word-for-word translation, which shows the King James Bible to be a perfect English translation. “He is like a man building a house, who dug and deepened, and laid a foundation on the rock; and a flood happening, the stream burst against that house, and could not shake it, for it had been founded on the rock.” (Luke 6:48, Textus Receptus).

A paraphrased Bible called The Message is one of the worst. Let’s look at a key passage in II Thessalonians which is filled with prophetic truths that are very important to understanding End-Time events. Most paraphrased Bibles are written to promote post-millennialism. I do not know one new version that could be called a pre-tribulation or pre-millennial text. I believe that factor is part of the push to eradicate the King James Version. Look at this passage in the beautiful language of the Authorized Bible. “Let no man deceive you by any means: for that day shall not come, except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; Who opposeth and exalteth himself above all that is called God, or that is worshipped; so that he as God sitteth in the temple of God, shewing himself that he is God. Remember ye not, that, when I was yet with you, I told you these things? And now ye know what withholdeth that he might be revealed in his time. For the mystery of iniquity doth already work: only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way. And then shall that Wicked be revealed, whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth, and shall destroy with the brightness of his coming: Even him, whose coming is after the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders, And with all deceivableness of unrighteousness in them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved. And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie: That they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness.” (II Thessalonians 2:3-12,).

Now, look at The Message Bible. “Don’t fall for any line like that. Before that day comes, a couple of things have to happen. First, the Apostasy. Second, the debut of the Anarchist, a real dog of Satan. He’ll defy and then take over every so-called god or altar. Having cleared away the opposition, he’ll then set himself up in God’s Temple as “God Almighty.” Don’t you remember me going over all this in detail when I was with you? Are your memories that short? You’ll also remember that I told you the Anarchist is being held back until just the right time. That doesn’t mean that the spirit of anarchy is not now at work. It is, secretly and underground. But the time will come when the Anarchist will no longer be held back, but will be let loose. But don’t worry. The Master Jesus will be right on his heels and blow him away. The Master appears and – puff! – the Anarchist is out of there. The Anarchist’s coming is all Satan’s work. All his power and signs and miracles are fake, evil sleight of hand that plays to the gallery of those who hate the truth that could save them. And since they’re so obsessed with evil, God rubs their noses in it – gives them what they want. Since they refuse to trust truth, they’re banished to their chosen world of lies and illusions.” (II Thessalonians 2:3-12, The Message). We must identify the apparent losses:

The Antichrist is only an anarchist.

The simple words “falling away” are removed.

The whole idea of a “Restrainer” is missing.

The judgment of Antichrist is a “puff.”

There is no picture of Christ’s glorious return. The wicked are banished rather than damned.

The whole passage is a joke compared to the strong, awesome language of the truth. This new text is simply a paraphrased lie.

Jesus Has a Mother and a Father? One of the darkest facts about the new versions of Scripture is the influence of Catholic ideas, Bibles, and manuscripts. Rick Warren quotes from two different Catholic Bibles in his book, The Purpose Driven Life. I will give you three texts right out of one of them, which is entitled The New Jerusalem Bible. First, I’ll give you the truth in all of these passages. “And when the days of her purification according to the law of Moses were accomplished, they brought him to Jerusalem, to present him to the Lord.” (Luke 2:22,). “And Joseph and his mother marvelled at those things which were spoken of him.” (Luke 2:33, KJV). “And when they had fulfilled the days, as they returned, the child Jesus tarried behind in Jerusalem; and Joseph and his mother knew not of it.” (Luke 2:43,). These texts preserve His purity and the fact that He had no need of purification. Also, preserved was the fact of His virgin birth and that He did not have an earthly father.

Now, look at what the Catholic Bible does to Him. I quote the same three texts out of the paraphrased Bible that was used by Mr. Warren. “And when the day came for them to be purified in keeping with the Law of Moses, they took him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord.” (Luke 2:22, The New Jerusalem Bible). “As the child’s father and mother were wondering at the things that were being said about him.” (Luke 2:33, The New Jerusalem Bible). “When the days of the feast were over and they set off home, the boy Jesus stayed behind in Jerusalem without his parents knowing it.” (Luke 2:43, The New Jerusalem Bible. Underlining added.). These Scriptures present a totally different Jesus that was taken for purification. Joseph is called His father and then he is called one of His parents. The New International Version paraphrases these verses with the very same corruptions.

Conclusion! The paraphrased Bibles, including Bibles labeled as “dynamic equivalent translations,”are absolutely lying to millions. They misrepresent and change what God has spoken by the Holy Spirit. Rick Warren used ninety-nine quotes from The Message, sixty-four quotes from The Living Bible, and one hundred sixteen quotes from The New International Version, plus many more from other lying paraphrases. No wonder his language is clearly New Age jargon and psychological jabber.

After talking to different people that are true supporters of Rick Warren’s bestseller, The Purpose Driven Life, there is one thing I see in each person. The person that internalizes his book will have a conversion called a paradigm shift. In many cases, that person may have already had the paradigm shift and the book will only add to their deception. One man called to debate my position and ended his argument by saying, “Rev. Chambers, Jesus is my buddy.” I earnestly tried to show him the foolishness of calling Jesus his “buddy.” His giddy reaction broke my heart for him. A new “Jesus” is flooding the lives of many by the paraphrased lies and the corrupt books they are spawning. Every lost soul will be on someone’s account at the judgment. It’s your duty to make sure your family isn’t corrupted by these paraphrased lies.

“THE PURPOSE DRIVEN LIFE” is a six (6) ALBUM set from our Radio Series on Rick Warren. His name is synonym with the paraphrased Bibles. Please do not miss the Broadcast on this coming Saturday.

20 thoughts on “The Lying Paraphrased Bibles

  1. Good teaching Pastor Chambers. The only thing I have from my eary boyhood days is a copy of the King James Bible my grandmother gave me when I graduated from High School in 1959. It is the only thing that lasted and still is. God does preserve His Word and when I hear men quoting from the other bibles, I hear a stranger’s voice and not that of my Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. Godspeed!

    “The grass withereth, the flower fadeth: but the word of our God shall stand for ever.” Isaiah 40:8

  2. Amen Brother this is happening all around the world making the “christian” gospel friendy to islam and ringing in the one world religeon – chrislam as is being touted from all over.
    See the judgement on Washington Cathedral that allowed the reading of the koran in June – now their spires have been damaged by the east coast quake (worst in 100 years) and not coincidence by far.
    These judgements are going to increase in severity and frequency as we await HIS SHOUT – COME UP HERE – Maranatha may it be soon!

  3. THE KJV WAS GIVEN TO THE ENGLISH SPEAKING WORLD, WRITTEN BY INSPIRATION. THIS WAS DURING
    THE AGE OF PHILADELPHIA 1550-1900, THE KJV IS THE ONLY BOOK THAT COMMANDS US:
    1. TO SEARCH THE SCRIPTURES
    2. TO STUDY THE SCRIPTURES
    3. IN GIVES US MANSIONS; THE ONLY VERSION THAT DOES IT.
    4. IT DOES NOT WATER DOWN SODOMY
    5. IT DOES NOT DENY THE CHRISTS DIETY
    6. NOR DENIES THE BLOOD
    ALL OTHER VERSIONS ARE PURE APOSTACY. THE NIV WAS WRITTEN BY THE SAME PUPLISHERS WHO
    PRINTED THE SATANIC BIBLE BY ANTWAN LEVAY.

  4. My old King James Bible is tattered, torn and worn. It’s been marked up, taped up, and the recipient of “blood, sweat and tears.” It looks like it has been through a war. And I guess it has! A war with the devil. I wouldn’t trade it for all the paraphrased Bibles in the world!!! Those Bibles have gutted the KJV until they’ve removed the real meaning of God’s Words. A very sly trick of the enemy. No wonder churches are powerless today. How can people be so deceived?

    Blessings to you Brother Joseph and your family!

  5. Howdy Joseph –

    While I commiserate with you regarding pallid re-translations, that is not to say the paraphrase is wrong. The Atonement, when I was a little boy, was described as Jesus conquering sin and , although we had been His enemies because of sin, because Jesus died on the cross we were now His friends.” This is not a lie, is it? Sure, when one gets older, one gets more deeply catechized into the Faith so that one can understand it better as an adult. Both Sts Peter and Paul refer to this process, do they not in 1Peter 2:2, 1Cor 3:2 and Hebrews 5:12?

    As for calling “Joseph and his wife” “His mother and father,” isn’t it so that everyone in Nazareth “supposed” Joseph was His father, as Luke 3:23 KJV states? Even Mary says “thy father and I have sought Thee sorrowing” in Luke 2:48KJV Do not the Evangelists report that Jesus was called “Joseph’s son” in Luke 4:22, and called Him that as well as “the carpenter’s son” (Matthew 13:55, mark 6:3?.

    I find myself smiling since this seems to work for you in the old dispute about Mary’s perpetual virginity which you deny but which the Church from the beginning always affirmed.

    A worse problem in the New Jerusalem Bible its notorious use of inclusive langauge. The incident you cited but said nothing about “the days came for THEM to be purified,” a horrible translation since only women were purified.

    And, as for the NJB being a “Catholic” bible, it is only insofar as that it contains the deuterocanonical books tossed out by Luther. The original Jerusalem Bible was a much truer translation and used pronouns such as “him” and “her” with accuracy. No one except feminists pays any attention to the NJB so stop the innuendo, all right, Joseph?

    The Catholic Bible read from Catholic pulpits is the New American Bible. So if you have a problem with Catholics and the Bible, cite examples from that version, okay?

  6. AREMAIC ENGLISH NEW TESTAMENT Fourth Edition is in print now.
    ( best study tool I’ve ever had ) It corrects mis-translation all the way back to original Epistles.
    .. the same language used in “The Passion of the Christ” film.
    After seeing a more accurate version of the Gospel ,, it’s no wonder
    Christians argue so much about conflicting scripture.

  7. Ok, the Kjv was given to the English speaking world.But what about people who don’t know the English language?What bible should they read?I’m not an America, I know the Eneligh language, but I always read my bible in Dutch.Which bible should the Russians read? or the Chinese? Of course, educated people all over the world know English.But those who never had the opportunity to study foreign languages…are all these translations wrong?
    As for Joseph and Mary being Jesus parents…; how did people see Jesus, as the Son af God when He was a child?
    Please don’t misunderstand me, it is not my intention to criticize, but don’t you think that in Jesus’ time people saw Mary and Joseph as His parents?

  8. Another excellent article!
    “Nevertheless when the Son of man cometh, shall he find faith on the earth?” Luke 18:8 Modern Bibles have destroyed the faith of multitudes. KJV is the anointed english Bible, Infallible!! Brother Chambers, I emailed you a couple months ago about Jimmy Swaggarts Expositor’s Study Bible – I have his New Testament, I am going to send it to you so you can expose it (you’ll see what I mean when you receive it) I also will send you audio of the Swaggart Ministry denying the inspiration and infallibility of the King James Bible. Blessings Brother!!

  9. Rick Warren’s purpose driven drivel has destroyed many erstwhile good churches in America and elsewhere.

    Bro. Chambers’ discussion is also a confirmation of Amos 8:11-12. Get out your KJV, read and think about those verses. This problem has gone viral since Robert Schuller began his monotonous “New Reformation” in 1982 and now we have Rick Warren doing his version from 2009 onward. Schuller was one of Warren’s mentors – surprised??

    Get some discernment from the Scripture and the whole counsel of God while there is still time. And pray for Jesus to come quickly because very soon He will. Good day.

  10. BROTHER JOE, This was a great teaching.It makes me sick and upset when others use the perversions.I forwarded this wonderful, timely teaching to my 5 children and to a CHRISTIAN FORUM to be posted so others can see this truth.You should send it to the places where you have sent other articles so it can be read by many others that need to read it so they will maybe see the reasons they should quit using those perversions because there are still a lot of us who dont like reading anything except the truth of GODS HOLY WORD!!!!niv stands for non inspired version. I prayed over your article that many will see and read it and heed it!! THANK YOU BRO. James GOD BLESS YOU AND YOUR FAMILY

  11. Pastor Joseph, this was a truly excellent article and I learned much from it. Though I do have other versions including the Revised Standard Version, the original edition of the NIV, and Good News Bible, the KJV is the standard by which I measure the others and a check with Strong’s Concordance repeatedly confirms its accuracy for people like me unfamiliar with Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek.
    For my daily Bible reading, it’s always the KJV and I agree with you 100% on your view that it is the best English translation available. It is well worth a person’s time to get familiar with the style of English in which it is written and once accomplished, they’ll find the KJV speaks to them in a way no other English version does.
    Well done, Pastor. I hope you will do many more just like this.

  12. Yohan John Kunnenkeril

    Dear Shri Joseph,
    I agree that it is most needed that knowledgable people like you point out what is wrong with “many if not all Bibles except KJV” Pardon me being on eof the less knowledgable types, but aagain I like what “Frida pardon ” says in her not so good English, which “Sean” conveys even more comprehensively.
    You are all of 59 or older maybe and I respect that, yet I am sure all of us need to be learning all the time. Tell me does Revelation 22: 18-19 refer to the book of of Revelation or does it refer to the whole Bible ??
    “Travis” refers to the KJV as “infallible” !!! The CEV (Contemporary English Bible)also called “The Promise” has “done away” with the word “Grace” and replaced it with “undeserved Kindness of God” ! You would be aghast ?? I am glad, no, not that you may be aghast but that Grace is conveyed to me as “undeserved kindness of God”. Tell me, through the pure KJV times, what was effect on the Churches ? Deserted, converted into pubs and what have you. In these times of the “villainous” new translations, Churches are fuller do you not agree ? Oh, Sure, they are not Christian you would say ?! Enough, before you condemn everybody and finally have to find that ‘it is measured out to you as you have…..” (paraphrased of course !! by me !!). I do hope that neither you nor I ignore the dear Holy Spirit and undermine His role in the understanding of His Word. I read the CEV Bible, I also read Oswald Chambers “My Utmost For His Highest” the Updated Version (done nicely by Shri James Reimann). I believe I am a better Christian than what I was and my faith in Him is today my most valuable possession (and I do acknowledge my gratitude to both books) and to our Triune God for His ‘undeserved kindness” to me. May it not be that I (and do I daresay maybe you too?) ‘receive grace in vain” .
    YJK

  13. TIM S says:
    THE KJV WAS GIVEN TO THE ENGLISH SPEAKING WORLD, WRITTEN BY INSPIRATION.

    Lancelot Andrewes, the head of the commission appointed by King James I of Great Britain and James VI of Scotland, denied that the Revised Standard Version, half of which was taken from the Tyndall translation and about a fifth taken from the Catholic Douay-Rheims from 1607, was at all “inspired.” Andrewes, like all other bibilical exegetes, stated that biblical inspiration was given only to the original Sacred Writers, not to any translators who do the best they can to make ideas expressed in one language understandable to another. Andrewes went on to say that any translator who claimed divine inspiration blasphemed.

    Tim, if you’re willing to claim more than the man in charge of the KJV commission you had better be able to quote your source directly, since it can only be Go.

    Thanks for your time.

  14. bless you pastor
    have a look at pastor larry hutch. he is onto this jewish thing which is extremely dangerous and he sits with rabbi’s. question : who sponsored “the purpose driven life”? the answer to that may reveal where the attack is coming from.
    blessings from sunny south africa

  15. I feel so sorry for those who do not believe in the rapture of Christ’s church before the tribulation. These folks are deceived thinking they can “SAVE” the planet. This world as we know it will end, and soon I am guessing and feeling. Not only do we who are saved get to “get out of dodge” so to speak, if we love the Lord’s coming for us, we get a crown for it. Looking for him everyday. Can’t wait.

  16. kia ora joseph
    keep up the good work
    much of what you say i have observed here in nz
    the end is nigh-about time!!!
    best wishes
    bill

  17. Bro. Chambers, though it is difficult to go against what your friends believe, thank you for taking a stand for the Truth! Thank you for wanting to please God more than men!!

    What a “perfect” wile of the devil, the adversary of the Christian — as he sneaks craftily around seeking whom he may devour!! ~ better than making people “get rid” of Bibles is to pervert them!! Perfect set up by the enemy! he used God’s Word against Eve, bringing the downfall of mankind; {“Did God REALLY say….”) and he even used Scripture against the VERY ONE Who *IS* The Word! (when he tempted Jesus in the wilderness) *crafty* ~ *cunning* ~ and *sly* is he!! We must keep our spiritual armor ON, and we must resist the devil to make him flee from us…. and to not entertain even for one second any thought he puts into our heads that goes against Scripture.

    Oh that is just pure blasphemy for that person to refer to Jesus as “his good buddy”

    May you continue to take a stand! With such a great falling away, we need to band together to pray a hedge of protection around you, your wife & family, as you are one of the FEW who truly preach the gospel truth! Amen! So thankful to have found you.

  18. I have such concern for this topic that I spent 8 years studying Greek and Hebrew, attending Canada Christian College for training. I wrote a book in 2009 entitled “Illumination or Illusion – A Comparison of newer Bible translations” then in 2010 I worked with 2 retired proffessors to produce the SKJV – Simplified King James version. We are in the process of arranging to have this version printed in Kenya. We are also printing small runs here in Toronto. The SKJV shows all the words that are missing in Alexandrian based bibles including the paraphrased ones. We have also used the TR we believe faithfully to produce a newer english revision which is doctrinally correct. If you are interested in these Bibles, perhaps to promote to your readers after you have seen them yourself let me know. I could arrange to sell you some at a discount. We are not getting good reception in regular Christian publishing circles however we believe we will make progress in getting this bible version out through secular channels.